r - Remove a character from elements in a dataframe -


i have set of data elements preceded "<" , need remove "<" can perform data analysis. data saved in .txt file , i'm bringing r using read.table. below example of text file looks like.

background: 18 <10 27 22 <3  site: 30 44 23 <16 13

i used x=read.file make dataframe, tried gsub("<","",x) remove "<" , result unexpected, @ least me. result.

[1] "1:2"       "c(18, 30)" "1:2"       "c(27, 23)" "c(2, 1)"   "1:2"

i have no idea means or why it's happening. appreciate explanation both of going on here, , how should go accomplishing goal.

df <- read.table(header = true, text = "background   site                  18   30                  <10  44                  27   23                  22  <16                  <3   13", stringsasfactors = false)

you can use mutate_at , apply gsub function variables (i.e. background , site) wish remove preceding < sign.

library(dplyr) df %>% mutate_at(vars(background, site),                   funs(as.numeric(gsub("^<", "", .))))

the output is:

  background site 1         18   30 2         10   44 3         27   23 4         22   16 5          3   13

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